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Azoxystrobin

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Origin
Azoxystrobin was discovered during research on Oudemansiella mucida and Strobilurus tenacellus, which are small white or brown coloured mushrooms commonly found in the Czech forests. Not bigger than a few centimeters, these mushrooms attracted attention of scientists because of their remarkable ability to defend themselves. Their defense mechanism is based on the secretion of two substances, strobilurin A and oudemansin A. These substances allow them to keep their competitors at a distance and even destroy them when in range. Observations of this mechanism led directly to research that resulted in azoxystrobin.
 
Activity
After synthesizing experimental analogs of both substances (over 1400 were tested), azoxystrobin was found to be the most active and stable combination. The pharmacophore of azoxystrobine is the β-methoxyacrylate portion, which is present in the active compounds from both Oudemansiella mucida and Strobilurus tenacellus. Azoxystrobin binds very tightly to the Qo site of Complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, thereby ultimately preventing the generation of ATP.
 
Efficacy
Azoxystrobin possesses the broadest spectrum of activity of all presently known antifungals. It is presently the only counteragent that has the ability to protect against the 4 big groups of fungal diseases:
Ascomycota: Septoria
Deuteromycota: Pyricularia (rice harvesting)
Basidiomycota: Stripe rust
Oomycota: Water mould (grape harvesting)
 
Examples
Azoxystrobin is widely used in farming, particularly in wheat farming. Applying agents containing azoxystrobin provides protection against many types of diseases, including:
Wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita)
Rye leafrust (Puccinia triticina)
Practical use
Grain farming
Banana transport
grapes, both table & wine
 
Ecotoxicology
Azoxystrobin has a favorable ecotoxicological profile, meeting the expectations of agricultural demand.
Its toxicity is low for mammals, birds, bees, insects, and earthworms. It is highly toxic for freshwater fish and invertebraes and very highly toxic for marine invertebraes. (this is disputed. Please read discussion page for details)
Azoxystrobin is broken down into the soil. The agent is not very mobile and therefore is unlikely to penetrate further in the soil and come into contact with groundwater.
 
Formulation Type: 25%SC